George Croghan (c. 1718–1782), Bernard (1738–1801) and Michael (1740-1811) Gratz, undated, 1773 May 26, 1780 July 16

George Croghan was a Irish immigrant who befriended numerous American Indian tribes during the era of wars on the North American continent between Native tribes, the British and the French. He negotiated on behalf of the Native Americans and bought several hundred thousand acres of Native land in New York and Pennsylvania, but various reasons kept him indigent. The Gratz brothers, Bernard and Michael, who knew Croghan though earlier guided tours through the Western frontiers, helped finance Croghan as he had become persona non grata with new American leaders during the Revolutionary War. The Gratz family originally hailed from Poland, with Bernard immigrating to the Pennsylvania colony in 1754.